ITT: Brutal moggings
UFOs Are A Psyop Shirt $21.68 |
DMT Has Friends For Me Shirt $21.68 |
UFOs Are A Psyop Shirt $21.68 |
ITT: Brutal moggings
UFOs Are A Psyop Shirt $21.68 |
DMT Has Friends For Me Shirt $21.68 |
UFOs Are A Psyop Shirt $21.68 |
BRING ME SOLO AND THE WOOKIE
The dicksucking lips on the left one tho..
DUMP EET
Right could lose some weight
you just know if you try and talk to left the beast on the right is gonna swoop in
They are both disgusting.
I unironically prefer one on the right
Source: exclusively attracted to BBW
Inb4 seething onions boys. Idc you npcs lmao
t. a real GAMER
brehs... Frey and Henry are AESTHETIC!!!!!!!!
why did they miscast so much of the Witcher????
I much prefer big fat wide ass hips, big sagging floppers, a bit of a belly but not a massive one (pic related near the limit), and a dump truck shelf ass
So you’re not alone
What the frick is the point of saying BBW? It's literally as long to type as FAT
right mogs left
correct
Right only mogs left because left is a troony. Look at her gigantic arm. She absolutely BTFO herself. I’m a bbw/slampig absolutautist myself, but she is probably just beyond the limit, depending on her age. If she maintains her youthful, supple skin, she could be an amazing lay. If her skin has begun it’s self destruction due to being too fat for too long, she could be a monstrosity when she lays down and her fat stomach spills out sideways, reaching to fill the volume of the room like any liquid does in a container. If this is the case, imagine her in doggystyle with her pendulous stomach hanging low like a dog that has birth. Fricking disgusting. All of this and barely any breasts to speak of
>autism posting
I guess women can get yellow fever.
We have a chance asiaticbros.
i love azns give em all to me
No normal woman voted in this, it was done by some old hags trying to stay relevant and gaymen in the fashion world.
Nobody voted at all because its fake sperg
You morons aren't keeping up with the meta, and it's why you're going to loose out on quality puss. You know how japan is like us in the future, yeah, it's happening, they like feminine looking men, get with the program or not, oh well, anyways I'm done lifting just going to get lean and call it day, probably will extend my lifespan, enjoy your increased DHT from weight-lifting morons.
No boy dreams of looking like an effeminate twink when he grows up. Who cares what women want? They'll frick anything
I do I grew up on emo music, was the cool shit. Anyways buckle down or don't, but if you get too turbo masc you're just gonna get ghetto girls and backwater morons.
you type like a lookism incel so who cares what you think you're never gonna get a quality girl anyway
you're the one who knows incel terms, projecting much. I tried to tell you homosexuals the meta you can rage at me and run me out, but I'm not wrong. You're going to get dumb b***hy women, they can be hot too, but so can the chicks who lust for chingchong. I'm just saying when I was ripped and big the only people complementing me were other guys, women literally see what's attractive different than men, especially true for younger women (primo puss), of course milfs still want cue ball. And to be very honest, you'll likely live longer and be healthier, and it's less work, why the hell you think nips live so long they take everything easy, westerners just blow themselves out.
You understand she is 100% using him for money and resources, and to be a rock, should he ever stop being these things, she'll run off and bounce on someone else's dick in like a day. Women like that are trouble my friend, if you want that run wild. But chicks who want pretty boys are low maintenance.
She's wealthier than him
ultra masculine guys attract ultra feminine women, ultra feminine women means turbo pms meltdowns and other b***hy women shit like reality-tv show addictions, that shit if insufferable.
Mega cope
doubt it, you're gonna get a b***h off birth control, and that's like dealing with a wild she-ape. You better take her on vacation, keep a good high paying job, put up with all of her b***hing, let her shit out many children which you will be a slave to. Lose your job? You lose her. Ontop of that b***hes off birthcontrol are the first to cheat on your ass, you will come home to her bouncing on tyrone's wiener. I just don't want to be a slave to a woman, what can I say.
have you like, given her a deep tissue massage or buy her presents or all of the above? like have you thought about -her-?
Turbo cope. Literally the opposite of reality.
actually, feminine men vibe with Women the best imo.
and they're not really feminine
holy shit you are moronic
Enjoy your diminished bone density
ooo I'm soo scared, enjoy your heart attack and hair gains moron.
You can still be my boywife, bro
The opposite, it's teenage girls who are into this. They used to lust over men from boy bands who have that effeminate, non-threatening look, but now they are all koreaboos and obsessed with kpop so this is what they go for.
Nail on the head. Doesn't surprise me most of IST isn't aware of this if they could talk to teenage girls they would've had girlfriends in high school.
frick you let us and our microscopic PPs have that spec of hope
>you'll frick an asian girl while your gf pegs an asian (fem)boy
Why even lift?
>Why even lift?
For the difficult
>wanting white women
Take them homie
no thanks, fellow riceBlack person. I'm content with my own race as I rarely find other race's women attractive.
>half-jap
>can't decide whether I should go white or get yellow fever
Easily decision.
Do you live in a white or asian country?
the most basic looking korean dude with a boyband haircut, doesn't even look as good as others with this haircut, just fame & hypergamy + being average. also who's judging this? if it's asian countries they're a wider population and more listen to kpop.
also thing is henry cavil isn't the most handsome dude, just the most handsome known and has fame, if you put this guy next to a line of models and showed it to a chick that didn't know he was a big movie star then they'd pick the models.
models are notoriously uninteresting. (male and female) thats why there are models, they need to look kinda decent in everything but lack character and authenticity. if you have a bunch of models and don't know there are models you wouldn't guess they are models. just kinda attractive but something lacking people.
>person is beautiful
>therefore he/she must be boring, stupid or an butthole
holy cope
just personal experience with model agencys. the truth hurts i know dont worry it will get better
The people voting are all BTS Fans making groups to appeal to upvote this shit
I even saw some tiktoks from this Fans insulting other BTS Fans bc they didnt upvote him
as shit tier as kpop homosexualS are. they definitely could have found a much better contender (ive seen some of those twinks that I would deepthroat). makes me think this is some trolling
Why do people give a shit what women find attractive lmao.
Women don't find asiatics attractive. This is just some gay magazine.
good looking men are their own race, women dont find ugly asiatics attractive like that schizo marvel actor but ones like pic related they do
Do you mean Ezra Miller? He's israeli not asian lol
>Do you mean Ezra Miller?
no I meant pic related when i said pic related
I just realised henry would make a perfect flashman
fuuuuark
Because as a straight man, I want to be attractive to women, you fricking idiot. That's why it matters. Because I want to be WHAT they find attractive. It matters. Stop pretending it doesn't. Your forced stoicism isn't fooling anyone.
I am a gay man.
Fine, then, I'll throw what you said back at you. Why do people give a shit what gay men find attractive? Lmao.
If I find you I will literally frick your ass
>That's why it matters. Because I want to be WHAT they find attractive.
No it doesn't. I'm married and lift for myself. I don't care what women think
doing anything for women is how you become unattractive to women
your desperation is obvious to them and makes them cringe
you played yourself
Growing up is realizing that what women find attractive is highly based on trends and as such, is subject to change at any given time. Sure there's overlap but each woman has different tastes case by case. point being, improve (you)r self for (you)r self
Why straight men are so gay
Uruguay lost
God he’s so fricking perfect
>doesn't have hunter eyes
Why do people care what women want if all they actually do is take ques from male authority figures?
I am convinced hormonal birth control is the cause of female attraction towards lesbian looking men
That is a proven thing, so yes you are correct. Also plenty of anecdotals about chicks getting off hormonal bf to have kids with husband only to find out that they think the guy is unattractive/unsatisfying/smelly/etc then they break up. It doesn’t pay to be on that type of birth control, or to be a girly man.
It has absolutely nothing to do with public opinion you mongoloid. The media pushes whatever narrative they want, and it's clear they want to feminize men.
caring what woman think kek
>in six games
Weird. I haven't seen this gif/image on here is so goddamn long
Someone post it
There is no way I'd let someone get away with picking me up. I'm not a "hard man" and I know that guy would probably beat me in a fight (I'm DYEL) but I've elbowed people in the face for less.
Okay chang
>mfw GodKingEmperor Winnie the Flu banned my favorite batsoup delicacy
For reference theyre chink army infantry returning from getting their shitpushed in by streetshitters
is it recent? are they crying because they and their family will be publicly executed for bringing shame to their God Emperor?
Like a year or two ago
so they're all long dead by now. sad life
I'm white (chin related)
>I'm fat (chin related
FTFY
Not remotely fat
Mirin
My chin is p much my best attribute
You definitely are. Post wrist.
You have a pretty mouth boy.
Holy shit you are fricking fat lol. Put down the fork and take some collagen.
i mean i let my tall bros pick me up when we hug. its a bro thing bro
he picked him up to zucc him
Imagine not swinging on that homosexual immediately after being emasculated. Asian "men" are pathetic.
why would he attack him over that? it wasn't malicious, its not like he started forcibly sucking his wiener while he was upside down.
You have no backbone you spineless cuck bug. This is why Black folk are attacking your grandparents and you bugs are instead defending the nigs lmaooooo
ur crazy
You bugs are spineless no wonder your women want white men
yo seek therapy
OOGA BOOGA GRUG ANGRY
it would have to take 50 of these tiny ping pongs to down 1 real man
No fricking way this is real lmao
Why do people keep reposting this fake shit? They specifically picked the least popular member of BTS too. Jungkook is the guy all the girls are creaming themselves over not fricking RM lmao. Stop getting baited you fricking morons.
>Jungkook
Lol his name is Junk asiatic? Lmao
>young korean man
>named young asiatic
bravo Lucas, bravo!
That guy looks like a girl
No arguments from me I think he looks like a flaming homosexual, but at the very least I can see why teenage girls would be attracted to that.
You cant tell me any of the backstreet boys looked straight either.
I'm not gonna lie, there were some dudes in Japan I totally would've topped. I don't think I'm that gay, they're just incredibly feminine at times
Attractive facea require a bit of femininity and in Asians even more so
this is guy in OPs pic is rather ugly for a kpop star, kim taehyung looks good too
young teenage women and early 20s love the prettyboy look, backstreet boys, nysynch, David Cassidy, beatles, t
doesnt look like a pretty boy, his face just looks incredibly underdeveloped, as if he never went though puberty.
Those big monolids make it appear like his makeup covered face is melting off lol.
Why do you even know this you fruity ass moron
because jungkook is massivly popular he is justin bibier tier popular especially with young women
This is a handsome one, tremendous skin probably has a nice 16 step skincare
It's literally caked on make up moron. You can tell he even used lip stick
LOL
I'm in japan right now. More than a couple make up brands are using men in their promotional materials
yeah this guy looks better than the op
i dont know the names of these asiatics because im not a teenage girl but this one's better looking
V mogs him tbh
Young asiatic would be an excellent name for an asian rapper
young wiener
Michael Jackson looking motherfricker
Embarassing that you even know who these beta azns are, lmao
He looks like a girl and has toilet scribbles on his arm. Do people need more proof that women are not intelligent?
BUILT FOR BBC
that chink looks like dog shit
In what fricking world
good. It's obviously Cavill is problematic, racist, sexist, misogynistic, probably anti-POC, and an incel nerd
Man, I love this guy more every time I learn more about him
He really is just a gamer that got fit
An ridiculously handsome, tall and rich one though.
a gamer with one in a million genetics who got fit
BASED
Stop making cringe memes. Nobody says that. Women wouldn't mock him but would want to join. You're making IST culture cringe incel shit.
>You're making IST culture cringe incel shit
nobody tell him
unbelievably based
baffling, she went from a strong 6 to a 3.
Holy frick, I love Henry Cavill now?? I have to wonder if I'm being israeliteed... Is this how the israelites are getting us into Hollywood? By concocting false stories about how their stars are actually based?
sounds fake as hell
Sounds legit but the framing is bullshit. I guarantee he was getting woke fanfic shit rewritten so it fit lore and that was ~~*toxic*~~. They recently fired literally every male producer on the show
He probably named the israelite or something too.
Damn this is so funny.
Based
what show is that bros?
Sounds like witcher and why he isnt returning
>He decided that he didn't want any romantic scenes at all.
>incel nerd
I would be very impressed if a beautiful, famous, millionaire managed to be an incel.
This is fake as hell, but also based af. But which show has dumped him?
Superman. He quit witcher because they made it into witcHER and disregarded all source material. That article is their cope version of events
Oh frick is Witcher over lads? I enjoyed that one
S1 was already cucked. S2 went completely offscript and made geralt a side character
It's not. They recast Geralt with Chris Hemsworth's little brother. The show is gonna get even worse.
>I enjoyed that one
It was terrible, but I liked it. Like a remake of Hercules and Xena, but with more moronic woke shit and penis armor
Yeah no kidding.
>why doesn't he want to do a romantic shirtless scene with these ugly women?
lmao at that damage control
its obviously fake but if it was real my respect for Henry would 10x
I can't deal with the fact that someone wrote this non-satirically.
I just can't. NPCs really exist.
Just one question: why in THE FRICK would there have to be constructed an exit for him, instead of for the showrunner?
Not like it matters, it's not their IP anyway and if Cavill and the IP owners want it, they can kick out the whole company.
holy based
No need to be irresponsible to be tbh
Gotta love how they blame it on le sexism when that clearly wasn't his issue. Frick them.
Wtf i love Henry Calvin now
He was literally the only person who gave a shit about the Witcher source material.
Cavil is a massive nerd and has deep understanding of the lore behind the show. He was probably one of the few people on the set who wanted to stay true to the source. Obviously Netflix diversity hires don’t give a shit hence the problems
Cropped text images without any clue to the source or context are completely moronic. This could have been churned out by a textAI for all I know.
I want this to be true.
I put this show on for background noise and actually ended up liking it.
The weird constant soap opera shit is annoying, but it's worth putting up with for the intrigue and kungfu fighting.
Ya. I like Naksu but where is Mudeok!!
Filthy Mu-Doek!
Yea he is great.
>He decided that he didn't want any romantic scenes at all.
Based Chadvill refusing to frick the ugly shitskins they cast as Trish and Yen.
Poor Henry!!! He is fantastic as Geralt, I LOVE Witcher seasons 1 and 2. Him, Ciri, Jaskier are my fav characters.
They did him dirty by not casting someone like Kate Beckinsale as Yen.
Idk who Triss could have been played as.
shut up troony
dam every time i hear more and more about cavill he gets cooler and cooler.
Damn, he's literally a better-looking me
Please be real
I hate him so much, it's not fair. He's everything I want to be plus he's insanely good looking.
>no romantic scenes
Godbless. Holy chadcel. Roasties toastie rn.
>ywn be Henry Cavill
why lift
I don't care if the story is fake or not. Hollyisraelite is really doing Cavill a disservice.
>cavill is a lifelong fan of Superman as a character
>gets thrust into the least characteristic Superman films made
>takes it on the chin and works at it
>shitcanned because dc films needs to restructure after making moronic ideological films/series (ww84, birds of prey, batwoman) or hiring demons for the films (heard, miller)
>cavill is a big fan of the Witcher series to the point of being able to break down significant variances between the books and games
>israeliteflix does whatever they want to the source material because of ideological agendas
>shitcanned for reportedly no real reason
Gotta wonder what the endgame is as the israelites seemingly crash their own plane (with no survivors) arbitrarily
He’s apparently at the reigns for a Warhamer 40k series or movie for Amazon now, so hopefully he keeps a backbone and tries his best to keep it authentic to the source material and doesn’t let Amazon force a strong black female Astartes in it
Since WH40k is also his favorite thing next to Witcher, and that he has a leading role in making it, they either toss the series because he won’t budge to stupid gay changes, or he leaves or removes his hands from control and Amazon makes another dumpster fire
>doesn’t let Amazon force a strong black female Astartes in it
homie, they're already started trying to pull that shit
>Amazon
lmao
just look at what those homosexuals did to The Wheel of Time
It's going to be shit regardless. No good movies or shows are allowed to be made anymore.
Best case scenario is that from this, if it goes under from gay Amazon shit, an actually good studio gets in touch with Cavill to make a good 40k show or movie
Alan Merritt is a spineless dork
>we were going to add female marines, but nothing happened and no one cared
So they aren’t canon still
>So they aren’t canon still
He opened the floodgates to justify the bullshit Amazon will do. Black elves aren't canon to Middle Earth, so Amazon just made an arbitrary decision. But with people like Alan chiming in, the mouth breathing blogging/reporting media can pull some "well ackchually" shit -- not that they needed justification, but he just handed it to them while lubing up his anus.
omo
Looks literally like he's wearing a skinsuit
You're right. That's not oil shine, it's latex lightly covered with whatever that skin coloured powder is called
They likely meticulously created all of those pores with a dental pick, making sure every detail was perfect; and he probably spent several hours in hair&makeup.
Imagine thinking this is a "man"
South Koreans are barely human.
Not even gonna talk about what looks better but that surgery seems so painful, ik they probably pump you with pain killers but still imagine just getting the bottom half of your jaw cut off
>South Koreans aren’t human
Alright bud, someone could easily do the same thing with a pic of an American woman trying to look like one of the kardashians
>all that money and pain for such a massive downgrade
she mogged herself very strongly
I've had korean acquaintances before and they're open about their surgeries. apparently It's normal for them to get cosmetic surgeries as a graduation gift from their parents. they really hate their monolids then nose/chin lmao.
SOVL vs soulless
Went from kinda qt to weird alien skull
And I'm not a yellow fever gay
its ok to like asian women, anon
seoul vs seoulless
She ruined herself. went from nice jaw and a rather nice looking face to... that.
human to bug evolution
The before pic with look sexy af with make up
I've seen this picture dozens of times and it's still pisses me off every time I look at it
How the frick can you just shave an inch off somebody's skull without any problems?
>Get's entire face reconstructed
>Still looks like shit and needs filters
lol
lmao
That is pretty standard for Korea. Women there get at least a couple of surgeries before marriage. I feel like it's rarer to find a 24+ year old who hasn't touched up her face in SK.
went from decent, even nice, facial structure to fricking smooth oval egg. actually sad
Always makes me sad
Went from a strong, beautiful woman to a plastic joke
Oppa...
Is that Jang Uk from Alchemy of Souls?
ya lol. and the guy in the OP is also in Alchemy of Souls
Was he the blonde guy? Park Dang-Gu or whatever?
I've been watching lots of Korean shit cause it's less gay and woke, I'm almost starting to be able to recognize and differentiate those bastards lmao.
Yes. He cut that hair off in Part 2 lol
Might just be being used to it, but 2bh he looked better with the bleached hair.
Korean Women are the best Women on Earth. I love Korean Women!
Hey IST
You remind me of the babe!
What babe!?!?
G Dragon mogs everyone. It isnt even a contest.
>5x more bug women out there than anyone else
>gee i wonder why so many women find bug man attractive
I can guarantee you that 90% of the votes in this poll come from <1000 mentally ill white roasties
It got botted by autistic BTS fujos and the poll was some literal who website
I LOVE Women. I LOVE Korean Women the -most-.
Women should not have the right to vote in anything to be honest familia.
hey i founf the BBC poster! Guys look!
>Immediatelly thinks of black wiener
Kek you're obsessed.
T.chink
Hate to tell you bro but
ewww
You're not Japanese, and theres an 80% Japanese men tried to conquer your shithole at some point.
SEETHE WHITE BOYYYYY
ur black
b-b-b-b-b-BLACK wiener
Not white, not a self hating chink either.
I want to see them having sex.
Someone post the drawn version pls
>All these IST gays on damage control
I kneel, BTS chad
Makes sense the more evolved the more
neotenous
mentally ill trannies
Imagine still falling for the societal gaslighting
lol
lmao even
A lot of boys are gonna sissy themselves out thinking girls genuinely want the K-pop look.
I have never, ever in my life seen a woman with a man that looked as feminine as a k-pop star.
Who's really driving this K-pop thing, something's off with it.
Birth control pills, fat anime women?
Korea's equivalent of israelites. The k-pop industry is really fricked up.
It’s basically
, there’s no popular white boy bands right now. Remember the whole One Direction craze? IMO this is part of a bigger problem in general with Asian media and pop culture filling the niche that Western media is neglecting, like with anime. They’re just better at catering to young girls, a market that’s mocked or at least not taken as seriously in the US.
ENTER
Hey buddy, I think you got the wrong door, the leather-club is two blocks down
frick youuuuu
Ah frick you leather man
Lmao i once told my sister who is a huge bugman fan and got butthurt and ranted about this being a racially motivated fix to get people to attack the asiatic who has been experiencing hecking racism every since and that Cavill isn't that hot.
There's this fat moron Otaku girl at my uni that always replies to any messages in WhatsApps with BTS stickers, like I'll ask her to send me her part of a group work and she'll send me the file along with an image of those slant eyed frickers. Or anytime she has to take a midterm exam or something she goes "I have to pass for chin li, he'd be proud of me". I can't explain how much I wanna slap her in her stupid face and shut her mouth
>literal who irrelevant magazine does this
>IST morons keep talking about it for months
advertising job well done
Bts look like pudding faced lesbians with 90’s hair though.you said moggings but haven’t posted any
>"man"
>ITT
Except women are supposed to look youthful and feminine, men are not. If women are finding that attractive that is out of the ordinary and probably due to massive abusive of hormonal birth control and other endocrine disruptors just generally throwing shit way off.
The chemistry between Mu-Doek and the crown prince cracks me up ngl.Also just the crown prince in general, his attitude about shit is fricking hilarious.
Yeah. I don't normally like romance shit, but it was a good mix of well acted, goofy and genuine.
I mog both these incels
For me is Felix
looks good here, like a legit anime character ( link from zelda)
And Anya is a great actress, especially her scenes with Jaskier, to be honest.
BUT her features dont match the Witcher 3 canon.
HENRY YOU COULD HAVE STAYED FOR CIRI BUT I TOTALLY UNDERSTAND!!
tfw no more comfy Freya and Henry scenes....
NETFLIXXXXX!!!!
mmmmf!
kek i was so SO MAD about Triss and Yen's miscasting, i screamed and ranted on TV for a year.
But honestly Anya is pretty good. But again, they should have cast an actress that looks more like Witcher 3 Yennefer with that buttery English accent.
I don't know anything about the game but goddamn that third one is just atrocious lmao
How did no one say anything?? The original writers, or the game designers, or something...?
because the basic casting rules for netflix is 'anything but white' plus they seem to get some sort of perverse enjoyment out of miscasting and ruining things
U will never be a real man
Seething
Attractive is attractive, I'm not disputing that, and it's not explicitly in this image, but the difference in race on dating apps was about 50% on two abysmally low numbers. If I were playing Old School RuneScape and I had to farm for an item that had a 3.5% drop rate but my friend got a 7% drop rate, I wouldn't be too upset, nor would I have to farm much harder than him.
When I look at the statistics on scientific blackpill on the incel wiki, I see stats that imply that women fricking hate men, not that they super, super like white men. The most damning piece of evidence was that sub-model white had a 14x advantage on sub-model Asian in terms of getting a message. But what was crazy to me was that model white had 46 messages out of 5000 swipes but sub-model Asian had 1 message out of 5000 swipes. 1) I question the methodology because all the numbers sound low. 2) the numbers are so fricking low no matter what.
Not that I practice it, nor could I make practical recommendations, but it appears to me that you should have a way to meet women outside of dating apps. Having to approach twice as many women isn't the death-affirming, nail in the coffin that I expected when I first got acquainted with the data. Being lean, being pleasant to be around (including not being anxious, social ques, etc.), having good hygiene(+hair care and skin care) will bump you up a couple points and are under your control. I think the hierarchy of important attributes for getting laid are height & millimeters of bone > attractiveness you control > frequency of approaching > race.
There is only one race, the male race!
lmao why do you redpill incels always post moronic graphs you made yourself in powerpoint
It's from okcupid from memory
>Middle eastern
Eat shit cabron
Suck my wiener chang
Get fricked tyrone
Roll over and die pajeet
Middle east confirmed honorary aryans, bow to your masters you subhuman fricks.
who would've knew a pink haired asiatic would make so many here seethe. it's over for semenskins
The irony is only one of these men is gay.
Now that pretty boys are in can we say its over for the most masc men aka med bvlls?
Over in 2022
>this whole thread
I should really hit up that Asian Twink.
I have a man crush on Cavill. We could paint Warhammer minis together and talk about The Witcher books after lifting weights. I want to be like him.
Fr fr. Id let him paint my war hammer if u catch my drift.
Do some table top gaming if you catch my drift.
>paint Warhammer minis
lol
what's painting?
top row is frickable. I'd frick 'em. One in the middle looks like a cute gothboi. Would ravage his bussy day and night. I want to dress him as shinji from eva and frick
These are the faces of Asian masculinity.
lol this is more generous than reality. makes me think that whoever made this has some homosexual yellow fever fetish
I want to frick have violent gay sex with all of these limp wristed Asian pretty boy twinks
That's a woman baby